Cat Scratch Disease

Dr. Carol Osborne

18 years ago

Cat Scratch Disease, also known as Cat Scratch Fever, is a disease caused by the bacteria, Bartonella henselae. More than 90% of people who develop Cat Scratch Disease (CSD) have had some sort of contact with a cat prior to becoming infected. More than 22,000 cases of CSD are diagnosed each year in the US. Most people infected are under the age of 21.The bacterium is carried from cat to cat by fleas and there is no evidence to date that the fleas can directly infect people. Human to human transmission does not occur, that is, CSD is not contagious from one person to another. Cats and kittens will not appear sick if they are carrying the bacterium, which lives in their saliva. Experts state that more than 50% of cats carry B. henselae and cats under one year of age are more likely to be infected.

Signs of Cat Scratch Disease include:

Non-painful blister or small bump that appears within days of being bitten or scratched by the cat
Swollen lymph nodes appear within 1-2 weeks after injury.
Mild fever, headaches, and loss of appetite are also reported

The incubation time is generally 3-10 days for initial signs to occur and generally it takes anywhere from 1-4 weeks until lymphadenopathy develops. In many cases, the disease is self-limiting and will resolve without any treatment at all. Antibiotics have been used in some cases. People who are immune-compromised run a higher risk of more serious complications of Cat Scratch Disease which include:

Eye infections
Internal organs may become infected including the liver, spleen, and bone marrow
Lingering high fever
Seizures

Routine hand washing and discouraging rough play with the family’s cats or kittens is the best method for preventing Cat Scratch Disease. There is no reason to get rid of your pet in the event that someone develops Cat Scratch Disease in your home. Talk to your veterinarian about any concerns that you may have.